FINAL+PAPER+BY+EZGİ+HAZAL+KÖK

= FINAL PAPER: = I'm interested in psychology. So, that's why I have chosen the text with the filename "//The Pages That I would like to Translate from Turkish to English//" below in order to translate into English.
 * ~ Filename ||< [[file:tefl496/THE PAGES THAT I WOULD LIKE TO TRANSLATE FROM TURKISH TO ENGLISH.docx|THE PAGES THAT I WOULD LIKE TO TRANSLATE FROM TURKISH TO ENGLISH.docx]] ||

** 1. Why Diagnose? **
====For many people, including some therapists, //diagnosis// is a calamitous word. We have all witnessed the misuse of psychodiagnostic formulations: The complex person is oversimplified to less complex person by the interviwer who is anxious about uncertainty; the person, who is in his anguish, becomes distant to the life of clinician by the clinician who cannot stand feeling the pain; the person getting stuck in his problems is punished with a label matching to pathology. Racisim, sexism, heterosexism,classism, many other prejudices can be easily reinforced by the effect of nosology (have been reinforced too). As insurance companies and managed care groups, which identify what specific sessions and results for diagnostic categories can be today, put a therapist's judgement away, the assessment process is especially open to negative effects. So, it is very easy to demonstrate the abuse of diagnostic language. However, that something can be abused is not a reasonable justification for discarding it completely. All kinds of misdeeds in the name of worthy ideals- love, patriotism, religion etc- can be done; here the fault is not through the ideals but through how those ideals are taken advantage of. The important question is "Does the rigorous and nonabusive application of psychodiagnostic concepts increase a client’s chances of getting help?"====

====When they are trained adequately and carried out sensititively, there are at least five interrelated advantages of the diagnostic studies: (1) its benefit for treatment planning, (2) its implications for prognosis, (3) its contribution to protecting consumers of mental health services, (4) its value in making the therapists build communication based on empathy, and (5) its role in reducing the probability that people, who are easily frightened, flee from treatment. Also, there are other benefits to the diagnostic process and to facilititate theraphy for going on well.====

====When saying the diagnostic process, I want to point out: except in crises, the initial sessions with a new client should include gathering information, which has become a rule, from the client at psychiatric education and study impressed by analytic orientation. In complex cases, application of psychological testing or structured meeting can be done. I am unconvinced the fact that it is allowed to develop a relationship will create an atmosphere where all related material will come to the surface. After the patient feels close to the therapist, to talk about certain aspects of personal history and behavior may become harder. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meetings are full of people who spent years without ever having told about substance abuse or ever having been asked about substance abuse, or who consulted many professionals. I want to indicate for those who tend to perceive a diagnostic session with an authoritarian manner or a distant manner like holier-than-thou detachment: there is no reason that an in depth interview is not conducted in a climate of respect and equality. Patients in general are pleased that professional studies are done meticulously and completely. One woman client,who has consulted many therapists before, made a comment at the end of our meeting: "No one has been interested in me like that!"====

** Treatment Planning **
====Treatment planning is a general objective for diagnosis. This makes a parallelism between psychotherapy "treatment" and medical treatment; in medicine there is a direct relationship between diagnosis and treatment, and ideal conditions. In psychotherapy this parallelism is sometimes drawn and sometimes not. The importance of a good diagnosis for conditions with a specific and consented treatment is obvious. To give an example,there might be substance abuse (implication: individual therapy can be useful if it is provided with chemical detoxification and rehabilitation); organic case (implication: put emphasis on the feature of organic case and train the patient and people around for how to cope with the impacts of this organic case; bipolar illness (implication: individual therapy should be provided with medication.) or schizoid personality disorder (implication: therapeutic process should highlight the need of recognizing and admitting other personalities, and remembering the traumatic history.)====

====However, for personality disorders, which are more uncertain and complex, in general a treatment planning is not recommended except long-term individual therapy or analytic treatments. Therefore, it is suggested that meticulous diagnostic formulations are not needed. According to that, if all those who want to have a change in their personality need to be undergone open-ended individual psychotherapy, all kinds of personality pathologies require application of a "prescription" in similar quality. If it is unknown what the treatment is, why is it diagnosed? Both those who are in psychoanalytic group or out come up with this, as well. For example, self psychologists are especially responsive to labels' misuse of potentials and possibility of weakening empathy of the therapist. Some suggests that the only way to read fundamental problems of a person correctly is to build a therapeutic relationship and to monitor how this relationship is progressing.====

====I do not agree with this because of that reason: Long-term individual therapy or analytic treatment is not a study, which is conducted with same directions without flexibility regardless of personality. Even analyst dependent to the classical analysis so much will be more careful about a hysterical patient and personal boundaries, will monitor affect with an obsessive patient more, will tolerate silence with schizoid patient, etc. Efforts of a therapist to be empathic do not guarantee those kinds of differentiations automatically. increase in psychoanalytic knowledge on people with psychotic disorders and borderline disorders obtains developing treatment approaches not based on classical analysis but based on psychodynamic principals. In order to use those treatment approaches, firstly one needs to recognize that the client is psychotic on the basis or borderline in terms of his personality. Psychoanalysis and analytic psychotherapies are not monolithic series of methods, which are applied strictly, regardless of personality of the person coming to the office of the therapist. A good diagnostic formulation will contribute style of relationship, intervention approaches, and topics with initial focus to the decisions on very crucial issues that the therapist will make.====